What types of limitations does a regular hosting have (or some limitations that can be considered when making the right choice)?
In general there are the obvious limits of disk space that can occupy, how much traffic (bytes transferred by the network in input or output) that can generate, how much can be used in databases, how many e-mail accounts and how much total space or each account it can occupy, what technologies can use, install, whether it can access by what type of terminal or access protocol and things like that.
There are limits that nobody talks about. There may be explicit limit of processor usage and amount of disk accesses and things like that. In general this is discriminated against in the cloud, but not in traditional hosting. Some limit physically even through virtual machines or componentization mechanism. They often do not tell you this, or make it seem like it's a good thing for you when it's actually limitation.
What is shared hosting?
Multiple sites from multiple clients are on the same server. With this you need to have less flexibility, more limitation, you dispute resources with others and have a certain insecurity. Today improved somewhat with the dockers of life, but it ends up creating other difficulties.
What exactly is the bandwidth that speaks so much?
It is the total amount of data you can spend on the network for a period of time, usually every second. So the 100Mbps width can pass 100 million bits per second (which is not the same as 12.5 million bytes per second, as most people think.) This is the same as your internet system limits. guaranteed band where you can always traffic all this or the shared where you dispute all this with other people.
This does not directly limit how many visits your site can have, unless the width is very, very low, which does not exist. Of course there will always be a limit, but it is more common to limit the server and not the bandwidth. It is possible to clog a very wide band with only one visit, although rare, and has mechanism to not create problems in such cases.
What is the average price of good lodging?
That changes, and you can not answer here.
AJAX requirements influence the limits of the hosting, and will the requirements be made via json to my database?
Of course, in general they can even reduce usage compared to normal pages, if everything is done right. I know who got worse.