Popular an array of objects with a string

Here is one more suggestion. Handling data in this way is always risky because it can infiltrate errors. But here it is:

var texto = document.body.innerHTML.split('\n').filter(Boolean); // só para o exemplo do jsFiddle ir buscar texto
var linhas = texto.map(function(linha) {
    if (linha.match(/^\s+$/)) return; // linhas vazias
    linha = linha.split(/^\s+|\s+$/).join(''); // limpa linhas que começam ou acabam com espaços
    return linha.split(/[\s]{2,}/);
}).filter(Boolean);

var campos = ['nome', 'rg', 'data', 'value'];
var lista = {};

campos.forEach(function(campo, i) {
    lista[campo] = []; // criar a array para cada campo
    linhas.forEach(function(linha) {
        lista[campo].push(linha[i]); // adicionar valor à array
    });
});
console.log(lista);

Result:

{
    "nome": ["Carlos Alberto", "Juliano Fontes", "Carlos ALberto"],
    "rg": ["xxxxxxx", "xxxxxxx", "xxxxxxx"],
    "data": ["11/02/2016", "12/02/2016", "13/02/2016"],
    "value": ["$103.10", "$102.10", "$500.00"]
}

jsFiddle: link

If you have this text in a variable, just replace it:

var texto = document.body.innerHTML.split('\n').filter(Boolean);

by:

var texto = tuaVariavel.split('\n').filter(Boolean);

WarLock, I see that it is working with a text file, where the separation of the columns is done by the size of the string.

In this case you will need to break the file in lines, using .split('\n') , then you will be able to use a substring to extract the fields.

Note that this type of file usually has a fixed size for each line, for example 60, in this case you should check if the line is not empty and has size 60

var nonFloat = /[^\d.\,]/gi;
var arquivo = document.getElementById("arquivo").content.textContent;

var parseDate = function (str) {
  var data = str.split("/");
  return new Date(parseInt(data[2]), parseInt(data[1]), parseInt(data[0]))
}

var registros = arquivo.split("\n").reduce(function (registros, line) {
  var start = 0; 
  var end = 0;
  
  if (line && line.length == 50) {
    var registro = {};
    start = end; end += 18; registro.nome = line.substring(start, end);
    start = end; end += 11; registro.rg = line.substring(start, end);
    start = end; end += 14; registro.data = line.substring(start, end);
    start = end; end += 07; registro.valor = line.substring(start, end);    
    
    registro.nome = registro.nome.trim();
    registro.rg = registro.rg.trim();
    registro.data = parseDate(registro.data);
    registro.valor = parseFloat(registro.valor.replace(nonFloat, ""));
    
    registros.push(registro);
  }
  return registros;
}, []);

console.log(registros);

<template id="arquivo">
 Carlos Alberto   xxxxxxx    11/02/2016    $103.10
 Juliano Fontes   xxxxxxx    12/02/2016    $102.10
 Carlos ALberto   xxxxxxx    13/02/2016    $500.00
</template>