Assign a class to your edit link and an attribute with the id of the user, when a click happens you retrieve the user id associated with that element that was clicked and do what you want, I mean, make an AJAX call to collect the data that must be filled in the inputs in its modal.
Example
$(function(){
$('.abrir-editar').click(function() {
var id = $(this).attr('data-id');
$('#editar-id').val(id);
console.log(id);
});
});
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0-beta.2/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-PsH8R72JQ3SOdhVi3uxftmaW6Vc51MKb0q5P2rRUpPvrszuE4W1povHYgTpBfshb" crossorigin="anonymous">
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.slim.min.js"integrity="sha384-KJ3o2DKtIkvYIK3UENzmM7KCkRr/rE9/Qpg6aAZGJwFDMVNA/GpGFF93hXpG5KkN" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.12.3/umd/popper.min.js"integrity="sha384-vFJXuSJphROIrBnz7yo7oB41mKfc8JzQZiCq4NCceLEaO4IHwicKwpJf9c9IpFgh" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0-beta.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"integrity="sha384-alpBpkh1PFOepccYVYDB4do5UnbKysX5WZXm3XxPqe5iKTfUKjNkCk9SaVuEZflJ" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>Nome</th>
<th>Email</th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>araujoh</td>
<td>[email protected]</td>
<td>
<a href="#!" class="abrir-editar" data-id="1" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#editarUsuarioModal">Editar</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>fontebasso</td>
<td>[email protected]</td>
<td>
<a href="#!" class="abrir-editar" data-id="2" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#editarUsuarioModal">Editar</a>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div id="editarUsuarioModal" class="modal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<h5 class="modal-title">Editar Usuário</h5>
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close">
<span aria-hidden="true">×</span>
</button>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="editar-nome">Nome</label>
<input type="text" id="editar-nome" class="form-control">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="editar-email">Email</label>
<input type="email" id="editar-email" class="form-control">
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<input type="hidden" id="editar-id">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">Cancelar</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Salvar</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Now that you have the user id, make an AJAX call to a PHP script that returns the user's name and email:
$.ajax({
url: '[SUA URL]',
method: 'POST',
data: {id: '[O ID DO USUÁRIO]'},
dataType: 'json',
success: function(data) {
console.log(data);
}
});
Then just fill in the inputs
with the data that PHP returned and finally click the save button to call a new AJAX function that will send the data to another PHP script in charge of saving the data in your database. data.