Capture document click to close menu that is open

You can check if the target is your button and ignore the following action:

$(document).click(function(event) {

   if ($(event.target).attr('class').indexOf('classe_botoes') > -1) return; // verifica se o alvo esta sendo o botão

   var $menuOpened = $('.dropdown-content');
   $.each($menuOpened, function(index, value) {
      if ($(value).hasClass('show') && event.target != $(value)) {
         // Fecha o menu
      }
   });
 });

indexOf is a javascript function that checks if it contains a certain value in an array, if it finds it it returns the index, if it does not find it is returned -1 . Since string is an array of chars in javascript, if checks if any of the classes on the screen element that was clicked exist with class_boos , so the check is if it is > -1 it's found.

You can do this validation through target of the event.

$(document).click(function(event) {
   if (event.target.id == 'btnAbrirMenu' || event.target.id == 'div_do_menu')
      alert("clicou no menu ou no botão de abrir o menu");
   else
      alert("clicou fora do menu");
 });

At the end of the day, something like:

$(document).click(function(event) {
   if (event.target.id == 'btnAbrirMenu' || event.target.id == 'div_do_menu')
      return;
   else { 
      //fechar menu;
   }
 });