Add dynamic line values automatically

You can separate the calculation into a function:

function calc() {
    if($(this).val().length > 0) {
      var total = 0;
      $('.input').each(function(){
        var valor = Number($(this).val());
        if (!isNaN(valor)) total += valor;
      });
      var final = $("#qtde_entrada").val() - total;
      $("#qtde_falta").val(final);
    }
}

And use it in the change event of both #qtde_entrada and dynamic fields:

$('#qtde_entrada').on('change', calc);
$('table').on('change', '.input', calc);

Notice the second line of code above, on construction is different. Because fields are dynamic, you need to use something called delegation . This is necessary because when you listen to an event in Javascript, it associates the response function with the elements present in the DOM ; so if we have the following code:

'$('.input').on('change', calc);

The calc function will be associated with the change event of the .input elements present at the time of the call. This would not solve your problem, since these fields are dynamic and can be inserted into the page after the above code is executed.

When we use the construction:

$('table').on('change', '.input', calc);

The jQuery library will associate the change event with the table element, but will execute the calc function only when the change occurs in the .input elements. This is due to the event bubbling , which causes that when an event occurs on an element, it (the event) is propagated to the parent higher from the element where the event was started, or until the propagation is canceled (returning false or calling the stopPropagation method of the event).

As shown in the image below, the event started at element number 3 and propagated up to element number 1:

Inthisway,theeventisnolongerassociatedonlywithelementsthatexistedatthetimeofassociation.Thenewelementswillalsopropagatetheeventandthecalcfunctionwillbecalledcorrectly.

Seeitworking: link

The code almost does what you want, but does not recalculate while typing on the lines. To do this simply add them to the change event.

$(document).ready(function()
{
    $("#qtde_falta").val("? - 0.0"); // Definimos um texto inicial
});
function alteracaoValores() // Quando houver alterações, não importando qual dos campos for (das linhas ou da qtd transferir)
{
    var total = 0.0;
    $('.somatorio').each(function() // Tanto para alteração na linha superior como nas editadas...
    {
        var valor = Number($(this).val());
            if (!isNaN(valor)) total += valor;
    }
    var quant_entr = parseFloat($("#qtde_entrada").val());
    if(!isNaN(quant_entr))
    {
        var final = quant_entr - total;
            $("#qtde_falta").val(final);
    }
    else
    $("#qtde_falta").val("? - " + total); // Colocar texto quando não tiver campo quantidade a transferir preenchido.
}

HTML:

<tr>
      <td colspan='2'>Quantidade a Transferir:
      <input type = "number" id="qtde_entrada" name = "qtde_entrada"  min="1" max="99999" style="width: 10em;" onchange='alteracaoValores();'> -
      <b>Falta: <input type = "number" id="qtde_falta" name = "qtde_falta" class="resultado" style="width: 10em;" readonly></b></td>
</tr>

Dynamically generated HTML:

HTML += "<td><input type = 'text' size = '5' name = 'qtde_trans[]' id = 'qtde_trans[]' class='input somatorio' onchange='alteracaoValores();' ></td></tr>";