Are there other low level languages other than Assembly?

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Are there other low-level languages other than Assembly? LISP is not (I think) nor Fortran ..

Low-level language would be tongue closest to the binary, as well as the Assembly, language that works directly with the hardware records. High level would be close to English

    
asked by anonymous 02.04.2015 / 06:58

1 answer

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Machine Language

It is the language that the CPU understands, consisting of a binary sequence, whose rules are defined by each architecture.

It is recommended to generate through a compiler of another language of higher level, but you can open a hexadecimal editor, and you can type everything using 0123456789abcdef characters, which is not very practical.

Then you will need a way to load the code into memory, unless you also write the bytes of the executable and already save as .exe .

The maintainability is very low, and it is impossible to comment on the code.

Turing machines - Esoteric languages

Other alternatives would be basic implementations of Turing machines . There are several languages:

  • Brainfuck : this is to flake off any human skull ... it's a minimalist language, Turing-Complete and so it is capable of doing whatever any other language is capable of doing.

    Wikipedia example - "Hello World!" program:

    ++++++++++[>++++++++>+++++++++++
    >---------->+++>++++++++>+++++++
    +++++>+++++++++++>++++++++++>+++
    ++++++++>+++<<<<<<<<<<-]>-.>--.>
    ++++.>++.>---.>---.>.>.>+.>+++.,
    

    Online interpreter (google and type online brainfuck interpreter ):

  • Piet : The language is programmed through a Bitmap ... so there are many editors.

    Example - test if a number is prime:

    Run the example above

  • Other esoteric languages : the languages above are the ones I found most interesting but there are others. This link from WikiPedia has a listing, which includes those previously submitted.

Hardware description language (LDH or HDL in English)

hardware description language are used to model the operation of a hardware, assuming that this is done using logic gates, rather than instructions interpreted by a CPU.

These languages can be run and debug like any other, through a simulation of the logic gates, of the load flows in the semiconductors, which in the end change DDPs and these are finally interpreted as signals 1 and 0, on / off , etc.

There are in this group of languages, those of the lowest level and the highest level.

Example of wikipedia: VHDL

cmp : process
 begin
    if A = B then
       C ⇐ 0;
    else
       C ⇐ 1;
    end if;
 end process cmp;
    
02.04.2015 / 12:53