In general not. At least Google is able to "see" that content. It does not penalize ranking because it is marked this way. So you can do what you need without major concerns.
Of course I can not guarantee that in any situation this will happen. There may be some more complex pattern where this mechanism is used that there may be some problem. But it must be rare, because the mechanics alone will not cause any problems.
The example question does not clearly state how it is done, but it does not look like it will be a problem.
I do not see problems in anything else unless <i class="sociais-sprits ico_top_face"></i> is not being used at all.
Obviously, Google can interpret this as an attempt to hide text to make it easier to search and punish. But this does not usually occur according to what I read in Google's own forums. There is an incentive to do this. In general it will not be considered an attempt to circumvent the search engine.
It's more complicated to say about other mechanisms, but I doubt that it will differ much from this.
