It is a binary operator (it has two operands, one on the left side and one on the right side). Usually called dot operator .
The most common thing is that on the left side is the object you are referencing. On the right side is the message that is passing to the object. The most common is to be invoking a method, but it can also be direct access to an object variable. So it is the access operator to members of an object.
There are cases where access is not made to the object, but directly to the class.
You can also use the package name separator, but this is not so closely related to the focus of the question.
Documentation .