PHP - Queries to print links in the nav-bar in a loop

For ordinary users I have 10 queries (nav-bar default) and for registered users I have 30 queries (nav-bar default + nav-bar related to the user page), just to print on the screen the link to querystrings , a guy told me that I should escape the values of the links of querystrings. I'm having a problem with Google Insights, my TTFB is at 0.29s-1.2s on the Desktop and 0.24s on the mobile devices.

This code below is like a "validator", when I create a page I need to insert into my table the título , slug_link and entry_type that can be item or pagina , otherwise I can not open the page in the browser, it's fine, I think with that I gain some security against some kind of attack.

I'm thinking ... maybe I can insert into my table the título / slug_link of my pages and use a variable for the links? For example: $slugHome = home and in html I would do this: <a href="?p=<?php echo htmlentities($slugHome, \ENT_QUOTES,'UTF-8', false); ?> ">Página Inicial </a> , this way I do not need to make queries in my database for each menu item, I do not understand much about security, so I wanted to know the opinion of you.

What do I want to know: How can I safely (securely) print the menu links without doing so many queries?

This is the "validator" code, I also use these global variables. You will see the queries in the other snippet below:

$isItems = !empty($_GET['page']);
$slug =  'home';

if ($isItems) {
    $slug = $_GET['page'];
} elseif (!empty($_GET['p'])) {
    $slug = $_GET['p'];
}

try {
    $stmt = $conn->prepare('SELECT 'id', 'title', 'dropmenuGenero', 'epTitle', 'itemName', 'letra', 'data', 'datePublished', 'descricao', 'capa', 'epCapa', 'alt', 'audio', 'qualidade', 'tipo', 'epNum', 'keywords', 'item', 'dateModified', 'slug_url', 'slugForitemPage', 'slug_link', 'entry_type', 'formato', 'status' FROM 'table_item' WHERE 'slug_link' = :slug_link AND 'entry_type' = :entry_type');
    $stmt->execute([
        ':entry_type' => $isItems ? 'item' : 'pagina', 
        ':slug_link'  => $slug
    ]);
    if (!$NF = $stmt->fetch(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)) {

        throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Items title ' . htmlentities($title, \ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8', false) . ' not found in database');
    }

    $id                   = $NF['id'];
    $title                = $NF['title'];
    $epTitle              = $NF['epTitle'];
    $itemName            = $NF['itemName'];
    $letra                = $NF['letra'];
    $data                 = $NF['data'];
    $datePublished        = $NF['datePublished'];
    $dateModified         = $NF['dateModified'];
    $descricao            = $NF['descricao'];
    $capa                 = $NF['capa'];
    $epCapa               = $NF['epCapa'];
    $alt                  = $NF['alt'];
    $audio                = $NF['audio'];
    $qualidade            = $NF['qualidade'];
    $tipo                 = $NF['tipo'];
    $epNum                = $NF['epNum'];
    $keywords             = $NF['keywords'];
    $url                  = $NF['slug_url'];
    $dropmenuGenero       = $NF['dropmenuGenero'];
    $slug                 = $NF['slug_link'];
    $slugForitemPage     = $NF['slugForitemPage'];
    $entry_type           = $NF['entry_type'];
    $formato              = $NF['formato'];
    $status               = $NF['status'];

} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
    header('Location: ?p=home'); 
    exit;
} catch (\Exception $e) {
    header('Location: error.php?e=Algo deu errado :/');
    throw $e;
}

function sanitize($data, $filter = \FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING) {
    if ($data = filter_var(trim($data), $filter)) {
        $data = preg_replace('/http(s)?:\/\//', '', $data);
    }   
    return $data;
}

$loadPage = null;

if ($sanitizedName = sanitize($isItem ? $title : $slug)) {
    $loadPageSuffix = ($isItem ? '/items/' : '/page_');
    $loadPage =  __DIR__ . $loadPageSuffix . $sanitizedName . '.php';
}
if (null === $loadPage || !is_file($loadPage)) {
    header('HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found'); 
    exit;
}

These are just 3 queries out of 30, just to display the links that are in the nav-bar. There are many queries just for a menu ...

<?php
titleHome = 'Página Inicial';
$pageHome = $conn->prepare("SELECT 'title', 'slug_link' FROM 'table_tudo' WHERE 'title' = :title");
$pageHome->bindParam(':title', $titleHome, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$pageHome->execute();
?>

<?php foreach($pageHome as list($pageTitle, $pageSlug)) { ?>
  <li class="nav-item pr-2 navbarItem">
    <a class="nav-link" href="?p=<?php echo htmlentities($pageSlug, \ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8', false); ?>"><?php echo htmlentities($pageTitle, \ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8', false); ?></a>
  </li>
<?php } ?>

<?php
query for dropdows-menus:
$titleListaDropDown = 'Lista de Items';
$pageListDropDown = $conn->prepare("SELECT 'title', 'slug_link' FROM 'table_tudo' WHERE 'title' = :title");
$pageListDropDown->bindParam(':title', $titleListaDropDown, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$pageListDropDown->execute();

$entry_typePageList = 'pagina';
$pageList = $conn->prepare("SELECT 'dropmenuList', 'slug_link' FROM 'table_tudo' WHERE 'entry_type' = :entry_type AND 'dropmenuList' IS NOT NULL");
$pageList->bindParam(':entry_type', $entry_typePageList, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$pageList->execute();
?>

<?php foreach($pageListDropDown as list($pageTitleLDD, $pageSlugLDD)) { ?>
<li class="nav-item dropdown pr-2 navbarItem ">
  <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownMenuLink" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
    <?php echo htmlentities($pageTitleLDD, \ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8', false); ?>
  </a>
  <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownMenuLink">
    <?php foreach ($pageList as list($pageTitleL, $pageSlugL)): ?>
      <a class="dropdown-item" href="?p=<?php echo htmlentities($pageSlugL, \ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8', false); ?>"><?php echo htmlentities($pageTitleL, \ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8', false); ?></a>
    <?php endforeach; ?>
  </div>
</li>
<?php } ?>