TypeError: ord () expected a character, but string of length 2 found

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TypeError: ord () expected a character, but string of length 2 found

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    if ord(c) >= ord('A') and ord(c) <= ord('z'):
TypeError: ord() expected a character, but string of length 2 found

I'm trying to create a casear cipher algorithm, but I have a problem with the ord string, which tells me that I'm bundling a 2-character string instead of a character, but that's not really the case. I'm using the following loop to iterate through the string message :

for c in message:
    if ord(c) >= ord('A') and ord(c) <= ord('z'):

I know the error is in this statement, because if I modify it to:

if c >= 'A' and c <= 'z':

The program runs.

c in the loop is a character, and A or z are too, that's why I do not understand where the problem is.

This is the full function code:

def encrypt(message, i=0): 
    emsg = ""
    for c in message:
        # to be decrypted, the character has to be in the range ["A", "z"]
        if ord(c) >= ord('A') and ord(c) <= ord('z'): #
                # Managing the case between upper and lower cases.
                # Either if 'i' is negative or positive,
                # the current letter is always replaced with
                # a letter which can be found after it,
                # in the ASCII encoding (in my case).
                if ord(c) + i > 90 and ord(c) + i < 97: # [91, 96]
                    dif = (ord(c) + i) - 90 # positions remaining
                    emsg += chr(97 + dif - 1)
                    print("First if")
                elif ord(c) + i > ord('z'): # ]122, - ]
                    dif = (ord(c) + i) - ord('z') # positions remaining
                    emsg += chr(ord('A') + dif - 1) # adds difference starting from 65
                    print("first elif")
                elif ord(c) + i < ord('A'): # [ - , 65[
                    dif = ord('A') - (ord(c) + i) # positions remaining
                    emsg += chr(ord('z') - dif - 1)
                    print("second elif")

                else: # simple case where we just advance the letter
                    emsg += chr(ord(c) + i)
                    print("else")

        else: # It's not a normal char.
            emsg += c
            print("not a normal char.")

    return emsg


print(encrypt(',bc', 1))

python-3.x

asked by anonymous 14.10.2014 / 23:49

1 answer

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score 1 · Accepted Answer

I've had to revise and modify my function slightly, and now, miraculously, it works. For anyone who wants, this is the complete code (if anyone finds bugs, tell me):

def encrypt(message, i=0): 
    emsg = ""
    for c in message:
        if (ord('A') <= ord(c) <= ord('Z')) or (ord('a') <= ord(c) <= ord('z')): # [A, Z] U [a, z]
                # Managing the case between upper and lower cases.
                if (ord(c) + i) > 90 and (ord(c) + i) < 97: # [91, 96] of no chars.
                    if i > 0: # i is replaced with a lower case letter (bigger ASCII number)
                        dif = ord(c) + i - 90
                        emsg += chr(97 + dif - 1)
                    elif i < 0: # i is replaced with a upper case letter (smaller ASCII number)
                        dif = 97 - (ord(c) + i)# positions remaining
                        emsg += chr(90 - abs(dif) + 1)
                elif ord(c) + i > ord('z'): # ]122, - ]
                    dif = (ord(c) + i) - ord('z') # positions remaining
                    emsg += chr(ord('A') + dif - 1) # adds difference starting from 65
                elif ord(c) + i < ord('A'): # [ - , 65[
                    dif = ord('A') - (ord(c) + i) # positions remaining
                    emsg += chr(ord('z') - (dif - 1))
                else: # simple case
                    emsg += chr(ord(c) + i)       
        else: # It's not a normal char.
            emsg += c

    return emsg