From Qt5 you should have the following structure:
+-+ pasta do aplicativo)
|-- Aplicativo.exe
|-- Qt5Core.dll
|-- Qt5Widgets.dll
|-- outras dlls dos módulos usados
+-+ platforms
|-- qwindows.dll
The platforms folder must be at the same level as your .exe, and contain .dll (for Windows, .so in * nix, etc.) for the operating system in question.
In your case just create the "platforms" folder next to the application and put "qwindows.dll" in.
PS: Well observed detail, mentioned by @LuizVieira :
I know the question is about Windows. But I think it is worth remembering that in * nix there is no guarantee to work just putting the shared libraries in the same folder as the application. Must define LD_LIBRARY_PATH ( tldp.org/HOWTO/Program-Library-HOWTO/shared-libraries.html ) or use the QMAKE_LFLAGS_RPATH directive in the .pro ( qt-project.org/doc/qt-4.8/... ).