How to get the size of each table in the database?

Reference: SQL Server: list size and record number of all tables

SELECT
    t.NAME AS Entidade,
    p.rows AS Registros,
    SUM(a.total_pages) * 8 AS EspacoTotalKB,
    SUM(a.used_pages) * 8 AS EspacoUsadoKB,
    (SUM(a.total_pages) - SUM(a.used_pages)) * 8 AS EspacoNaoUsadoKB
FROM
    sys.tables t
INNER JOIN
    sys.indexes i ON t.OBJECT_ID = i.object_id
INNER JOIN
    sys.partitions p ON i.object_id = p.OBJECT_ID AND i.index_id = p.index_id
INNER JOIN
    sys.allocation_units a ON p.partition_id = a.container_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN
    sys.schemas s ON t.schema_id = s.schema_id
WHERE
    t.NAME NOT LIKE 'dt%'
    AND t.is_ms_shipped = 0
    AND i.OBJECT_ID > 255
GROUP BY
    t.Name, s.Name, p.Rows
ORDER BY
    Registros DESC

SQL Server version greater than or equal to 2012 .

sp_msforeachtable 'EXEC sp_spaceused [?]'

Thisalsobringssomeofthesizeoftheindexes.

Reference sp_spaceused (Transact-SQL )

In the Technet Gallery there are several scripts on how to get table size .

For visual analysis, the simplest way is

-- código #1
execute sp_MSforeachtable 'execute sp_spaceused [?]'