What type of database to use?
"This bar code will lead to a screen on the drug"
I recommend creating a API , for ease of data editing, security, and avoid taking up unnecessary space on users' devices.
To make the API you can use Laravel , Codeigniter >, SlimPHP among other PHP frameworks, in a vps LAMP . I recommend doing authentication to get the API data.
To get the API data, use Volley
If you really want to store on your device, use the android SQLite. Example: Example here
How not to create many activities?
You can use Fragments . Example: Example here
In general, do Activities or Fragments that receive parameters and search for information in the API.