Is it possible to generate an executable in Android Studio?

Unfortunately, as far as I know, it is not possible.

When you compile your code, it generates a bytecode that runs in a JVM, but this JVM is dedicated to the android system. Either way you need an emulator to simulate features like GPS, Network, file system and camera.

Surely no, windows and android are two distinct platforms with two different architectures, as well as a code for android will not run on windows, an executable program will not run on android, so the only way to run an application android on windows is through an emulator, if you need an emulator for production I recommend the BlueStacks .