How to find a collation of a table or bank using a SQL query?

Just this:

SHOW CREATE TABLE nomedatabela

And from the database:

SHOW CREATE DATABASE Syntax

The output is something like this:

CREATE TABLE 't' (
  'id' int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  's' char(60) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY ('id')
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
                              --^^^^^^-- Aqui é o Charset padrão.

If any column was defined with a different charset , it will also appear in SHOW CREATE .

More details in the manual:

  

link

You can list the collation of each table in a given table using information_schema , as follows:

SELECT table_name, table_collation FROM information_schema.tables
WHERE table_schema = 'nome_da_base'

If you need to return the collation of each column you can use this query:

SELECT column_name, data_type, collation_name FROM information_schema.columns
WHERE table_name = 'nome_da_tabela'