Rafael, in the SQL Server in the FROM clause it is not possible to use variables for the table name (or display); only literal. See the FROM clause documentation.
However, what you are requesting may be possible using script variable , because the -v option of the sqlcmd the use of something similar to parameter.
Also evaluate the use of the -q and -Q options.
-- código #1 - SCRIPT arquivo.sql
SELECT * FROM $(NomeTabela)
and
-- código #2 - BATCH
sqlcmd -v NomeTabela= "TB_VENDAS_20180901" -i arquivo.sql
In code # 2 you need to add the authentication part.
I did not test the combination above. May contain error (s).