According to this topic the manitest as mentioned in @hernandes's response prevents users from finding your application in the market place , but if they have the file apk
they will not be prevented from installing it.
An additional protection would be to check the screen resolution at application startup and, if not appropriate, issue a "unsupported screen size" warning and terminate the application.
Following is a code example to retrieve the programmatically extracted values of this other topic :
Display display = getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay();
DisplayMetrics outMetrics = new DisplayMetrics ();
display.getMetrics(outMetrics);
float density = getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
float dpHeight = outMetrics.heightPixels / density;
float dpWidth = outMetrics.widthPixels / density;