What is the best way to store videos, audios, images, documents in a bank?

The simplest solution is to store the file in a directory (folder) and the location (or other reference to this file) in the database. For example, let's say you go to store PDF files. You can save the documents in a directory called "PDFs" and create a table with id and location of these documents. As in id: 0001, uri: PDFs / documento_0001.pdf

You could use software such as DSpace , for example.

You can store the contents of a file in a column of type BYTEA let's see:

CREATE TABLE tb_arquivo
(
    id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY, -- Identificador unico do arquivo
    nome TEXT NOT NULL,       -- Nome/Path original do arquivo
    conteudo BYTEA NOT NULL,  -- Conteudo do arquivo
    tamanho BIGINT NOT NULL,  -- Tamanho total do arquivo
    md5 TEXT NOT NULL         -- Assinatura MD5 do arquivo
);

The content of the file can be read through the function pg_read_binary_file() and its attributes can be obtained through the function pg_stat_file() .

Assuming the file is written to the database server disk in your PG_DATA :

Writing a file to this table would look like this:

INSERT INTO
    tb_arquivo ( nome, conteudo, tamanho, md5 )
VALUES
    ( 'imagem.png',
    pg_read_binary_file('imagem.png'),
    (pg_stat_file('imagem.png')).size,
    md5(pg_read_binary_file('imagem.png')) );