Is it possible to put labels in ListView?

You will need a Adapter inheriting from BaseAdapter . This will enable you to% accept% other objects.

For this, you will need to create a Adapter template that has its Pais and id attribute of the country as its attribute and pass to its nome , and finally set this Adapter to its Adapter .

Try something like this:

Country :

public class Pais {
    private final int id;
    private final String nome;

    public Pais(int id, String nome) {
        this.id = id;
        this.nome = nome;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public String getNome() {
        return nome;
    }
}

item_pais.xml :

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_nome"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />

</LinearLayout>

MyAdapter :

public class MeuAdapter extends BaseAdapter {

    private final List<Pais> paises;
    private final LayoutInflater inflater;

    MeuAdapter(List<Pais> paises, Context context) {
        this.paises = paises;
        //LayoutInflater para inflar o seu Layout
        this.inflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return paises.size();
    }

    @Override
    public Object getItem(int position) {
        return paises.get(position);
    }

    @Override
    public long getItemId(int position) {
        return position;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {

        if (convertView == null) {
            convertView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.item_pais, null);
        }

        ViewHolder holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();

        if (holder == null) {
            holder = new ViewHolder();
            holder.tvNome = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_nome);
        }

        //Recupeando o seu pais de acordo com a posição
        Pais pais = paises.get(position);

        //Definindo o texto do item da sua linha
        holder.tvNome.setText(pais.getNome());

        convertView.setTag(holder);

        return convertView;
    }

    class ViewHolder {
        TextView tvNome;
    }
}

MainActivity :

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        List<Pais> paises = new ArrayList<>();
        paises.add(new Pais(0, "Brasil"));
        paises.add(new Pais(1, "Argentina"));
        paises.add(new Pais(2, "Portugal"));

        MeuAdapter meuAdapter = new MeuAdapter(paises, this);

        ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.sua_list_view);
        listView.setAdapter(meuAdapter);
        listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
                Pais pais = (Pais) parent.getAdapter().getItem(position);

                //Recuperando o ID do país.
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, String.valueOf(pais.getId()), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
    }    
}

You have yes, in this case the solution is Adapter . Most of the visual components are designed in the MVC standard (I think it is well known in the web environment).

Well, ListView has a template (which is an internal data set), this dataset can be "injected" through a Adapter that is nothing more than behavior to render View .

Documentation

Without the code it gets a bit tricky, but I imagine you're filling ListView using CursorAdapter , right? (It should look like what I did here )

If this is the case, in the bindView() " is when you "arrow" the text, in this case do not use the ID. Create a method to receive the ID and return the country name.