I can not answer all the questions ...
Is there anything ready for AES and RSA encryption for the Go language?
Yes, actually much more than just RSA and AES. But on AES it also supports AES-GCM , which is an AEAD , in addition of several other block cipher methods.
In summary view this and this one which is complementary.
The latter adds support for NaCl , as a consequence also allows you to use chacha20poly1305, salsa20. In addition to being able to use other things already done, such as openpgp and tls .
Of course it also offers a CSPRNG. It also has several types of hashing algorithms (from MD4 to SHA-3 and BLAKE2), as well as support for key derivations (like BCrypt, Scrypt, PBKDF2, HKDF ...).
An important point is that unfortunately most implementations are not constant-time, this is publicly mentioned on the page. For this reason they can not be considered safe in general. In addition, the RSA implementation supports PKCS # 1 1.5, which is not good , but at least gives you the possibility to use OAEP.
If you want to go deeper and use some HSM or at least one Amazon KMS, it already provides support for Golang .