For me, check if an email exists only to send spam . So I do not care how to solve this question. I do not even want to know if you have the mailing address or the domain.
Verify that someone who is registering in a place and has a valid email (in every sense), even if it is his, has only two solutions.
The first one has already been quoted the other answer, so I've already voted for it, have to send a message to the user where it confirms that it received. It is flawed, but it has not much to do. It actually works in almost every case if UX is good.
The other is to do it right, that is, do not ask the person to register, ask her to authenticate herself. Use his data requiring less effort than registering, and you know that not only does email exist, but it is from who is signing up, with no other interaction than immediate access to the authorization page of the chosen authenticator. >
This may be Google , Facebook , Microsoft a>, and many others, even niche ones such as this site .
Search for OAuth ( international provider list ), Single Sign On , User-Managed Access , OpenID , OATH , just to stay in some.
No one is a panacea. Use a fallback if the user can not use such a provider, then confirm by sending a token to authenticate the first solution.
If none of this solves, sit down and cry:)