What does the application gain using Type Hint?

From the information the question already shows, the answer can not escape the truism.

In addition to the best documentation as already mentioned, and this can not be minimized, it gains type security. In this way the code forces the argument in the call to be of the specified type. This is already explained in the linked questions.

The fact of not allowing other types harms that the whole application has this security, but some security is better than none. And as it probably will in the future exist for all types, you're already halfway in the current application. I do not really know if you'll have to wait that long.

On larger systems, it is much more robust to do this. It's a pity that for now you can not force it to be used everywhere or to say that you want the type to be dynamic anyway. In small systems, that is, scripts , it is not important, but in large it is difficult to keep everything running properly without offering guarantees. This medium is easier and more effective than doing the in-body treatment of the function or writing tests to check if the types were used correctly. It gains productivity and robustness, although limited until you can use all types.

An addition to the existing answer in PHP7 ceases to be called type hinting and is called type declaration since this now supports the types int , bool , float and string , in addition to the existing ones in php5, like classes, interfaces, functions and arrays, I've put a more detailed explanation on:

• link

In practice, type hinting (php5) or type declaration php7 are optional and technically you can check variables without using them, for example:

PHP5

With type induction:

<?php
function filterLetters($a) {
    if (is_array($a)) {
        return array_filter($a, 'ctype_alpha');
    }

    return false;
}

//Causa erro
var_dump(filterLetters(array('a', 'b', 'cdef', 0, 1, 3, 'a1')));

//Causa erro
var_dump(filterLetters('abc'));

With type induction:

<?php
function filterLetters(array $a) {
    return array_filter($a, 'ctype_alpha');
}

//retorna array(a, b, cdef)
var_dump(filterLetters(array('a', 'b', 'cdef', 0, 1, 3, 'a1')));

//causa erro
var_dump(filterLetters('abc'));

PHP7

No type declaration:

function unixtimeToTimestamp($a) {
    if (is_int($a)) {
        return gmdate('Y-m-d H:i:s', $a);
    }

    return false;
}

//Retorna algo como 2001-09-11 10:10:30
var_dump(unixtimeToTimestamp(1000203030));

//Retorna false
var_dump(unixtimeToTimestamp(1123123123.5));

However, you have to create a if and use is_int , now in PHP7 you can do something like:

function unixtimeToTimestamp(int $a) {
    return gmdate('Y-m-d H:i:s', $a);
}

var_dump(unixtimeToTimestamp(1000203030));

//Causa erro
var_dump(unixtimeToTimestamp(1123123123.5));

Conclusion

Did you notice how easy it became with type hinting or type declaration ? This is his basic purpose.