The term as put in the question I do not know. It is possible, but I do not know any language that is specifically for that.
A language that can be used to prototype is one that has little ceremony, which allows you to write a code quickly only to see a result, test a theory, without concern for performance, if everything is correct and ready for definitive use. Any language that allows you to write more simply and productively can be considered a language suitable for prototyping.
Some people will say that any language can be used for this and eventually it may even be better to use the language that will be used definitively. Not always what is done in the prototype can be reproduced in another language. Of course this can be bypassed or even not be a problem if one knows how to prototype.
The gain in using simpler language can be advantageous or not. Usually this gain is small close to the whole.
Prototyping is rarely used in most applications. In some cases, rightly so, in others it would probably avoid detectable errors in the prototype.
Python publicly sells the idea of being a prototyping language. But there's nothing special about it that makes it any better. It only has little ceremony, like others with similar philosophy. Obviously reducing the language to just this would also not make sense. It allows you to do more than just prototypes.
