The answer is no. Wine does not leave you immune to viruses. Any type of malware is code running on your computer and they can rather run on Wine.
There is a page on the Wine Wiki showing what can be done to protect yourself: link
It should be borne in mind, however, that because the viruses are mostly overwhelming, made for the Windows environment they most likely will not run as expected on Linux. A virus is programmed using various types of hacks based on a standard installation of Windows ( see this answer ). When running in an environment such as Wine, certain calls and checks will not work as expected and this will prevent the virus from working properly.
Unless, of course, the virus has been programmed to identify what is running on Wine and from there to do something. That's exactly why certain basic recommendations like not running Wine with root privileges should be followed. By running as root you would be leaving your system vulnerable for the virus to erase your files or even critograph them, in order to charge for the descritografia later.
In order to give this answer I did some research and this is a recurring question in the community. My general perception is that although there is a possibility that a virus will affect Linux (by Wine), the likelihood is small.
About Antivirus, you can run ClamAV.
Some questions:
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