Android Studio is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE), and as such offers a number of tools to make development faster, such as code completion , debugging , linting , refactoring , among others. It is not required for development, but it facilitates and accelerates your work .
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Many of the tools in Android Studio are accessible from the command line, such as the emulator or adb (android debug bridge).
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You can write Java and XML code with text editors such as Sublime, Atom, Notepad ++ and even vim .
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You can compile projects using just the gradle from the command line.
The only "required" requirement is the Android SDK. You may need a JDK if you want to compile with gradle .
So yes, it is possible to develop for native Android without Android Studio . The difference is that it will be more laborious and time-consuming, especially if you do not know the Platform APIs.
Here has a guide on how to compile and run your application in an emulator.