JEP is exactly the same as Python's PEP, it really only changes the letter, until the definition is the same as the Java Enhacement Proposal, and the usage process is almost identical. Of course each community has a little of its way, its criterion of what is good, how to write (how to format, what sections, etc.), who can participate in what way, etc. but the function is the same. In fact it is a process prior to what already existed the JCP (Java Community Process) which is the final step that every JEP if it is to change something in the technology (I do not know the details, but what only recommends users follow, type PEP 8, does not go to JCP), anyway it is something more informal, as show Wikipedia .
The document is more visible, but both are a process, more than a document.
JEP-1 explains better: P